Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline?country=~USA
Australia 9%
Canada 3%
Denmark 30%
England 20%
Finland 9%
France 25%
Germany 43%
Hungary 11%
Ireland 20%
Netherlands 37%
Norway 28%
New Zealand 17%
Poland 21%
Portugal 6%
Romania – 4%
Scotland 13%
South Korea 18%
Slovakia 2%
Sweden 9%
Switzerland 12%
Taiwan 25%
United States 12%
Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1965)
Consistency / Reproducibility
Consistent findings observed by different persons in different places with different samples strengthens the likelihood of an effect
Temporality
The effect has to occur after the cause (often with a delay)
Plausibility
A plausible mechanism between cause and effect is helpful
UK, Excess deaths for 2022
9% more than 2019
Over 60,000 deaths
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsbyvaccinationstatusengland
Free downloads, my books and posters
https://drjohncampbell.co.uk
Source